THE PERFORMANCE PARADOX: WHEN SUCCESS METRICS HIDE THE TRUTH ABOUT EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53067/ije3.v6i1.445Keywords:
Employee Engagement, Organizational Performance, Performance Paradox, Regional Planning, Public SectorAbstract
This phenomenological study explores employee engagement dynamics and organizational performance at the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Innovation Agency (BAPPERIDA) of Cilegon City. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 12 informants, participatory observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed a performance paradox: despite satisfactory quantitative achievements (78.70% financial realization; 81.71% program indicators), employee engagement demonstrates severe hierarchical stratification. Officials and planners exhibited high vigor, dedication, and absorption, while administrative staff showed low engagement with limited performance understanding (83% did not comprehend SAKIP). Three factors enhanced engagement: holistic organizational support, participative leadership, and inclusive performance communication. Qualitative assessment revealed planning process deficiencies, weak cross-agency integration, and strategic misalignment. Findings indicate employee engagement mediates between formal performance systems and substantive outcomes. Implications include democratizing performance literacy and creating inclusive participation mechanisms across all hierarchical levels.
Downloads
References
Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods applied to the analysis of cross-cultural experience in novel educational social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 785134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134
Asif, A., & Rathore, K. (2021). Behavioral drivers of performance in public-sector organizations: A literature review. SAGE Open, 11(1), 2158244021989283. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021989283
Badarani, P., Mukhsin, M., & Imron, A. (2025). The effect of organizational culture on organizational performance at Statistics Indonesia (BPS) in Banten Province. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 8(6), 4532-4544. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v8-i6-53
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Cilegon City Government. (2025a). Mayor's accountability report of Cilegon City 2024. Cilegon: Cilegon City Government.
Cilegon City Government. (2025b). Performance accountability evaluation report of Cilegon City Government 2024. Cilegon: Cilegon City Government.
Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425-445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.425
Destiana, R. (2023). Leadership and human resource development in public sector. *Dialogue: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 5(1), 437-460. https://doi.org/10.14710/dialogue.v5i1.15762
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101
Emilisa, N., Hilalluddin, A., Andrianto, H., & Apriansyah, H. (2025). The influence of artificial intelligence and leadership on sustainable organisational performance. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Ekonomi & Bisnis, 5(3), 1281-1292. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmeb.v5i3.1493
Giauque, D., Renard, K., Cornu, F., & Emery, Y. (2022). Engagement, exhaustion, and perceived performance of public employees. Public Personnel Management, 51(3), 263-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211073154
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Kossyva, D., Theriou, G., Aggelidis, V., & Sarigiannidis, L. (2023). Outcomes of engagement: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9(6), e17565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17565
Kurniawati, N. I., & Raharja, E. (2023). The influence of employee engagement on organizational performance: A systematic review. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 20, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.20
Mulyana, D., Ahman, E., Sojanah, J., & Santoso, B. (2024). Optimizing government workforce performance. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(2), 1304-1325. https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v7i2.958
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations. SAGE Publications.
Zafar, M. M., & Rathore, K. (2024). Factors driving performance of public sector organizations. Journal of Excellence in Social Sciences, 3(1), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.69565/jess.v3i1.191
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Munawaroh Munawaroh, Sukma Pratama, Yayu Humairoh, Riski Wulandari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright @2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium













